Sdrol cycle. So I upped my test. Sdrol cycle

 
 So I upped my testSdrol cycle  I too am on week 2 of an S-Drol cycle and am yet to see any gains

Will injecting Glutathione EOD on a 20mg… Bloodwork 3 weeks after my cycle, cruising at 150mg test e. I already know how crazy it sounds, but I'm not dosing high at all. after you die of liver failure. #1 – Extremely liver toxic for some people. Use the correct aas for your goal. As explained before, cycles don't run very long so users can avoid the harsh Superdrol side effects like liver toxicity. its 50mg per ml and has a 24 hour halflife. But after the first week the lethargy kicks in. Dbol vs Superdrol – Toxicity. It has an additional methyl group attached to the 17th carbon position. reccomend it for superdrol. I’ve ran Test + Sdrol before and it felt amazing (ran sdrol for almost whole cycle. Sdrol will make you look better for sure haha, idt the strength is nearly as good as halo tho. Nov 23, 2021 #37 T. i'd do this if you want some sick gains. It’s just personal preference, but not mandatory. Now is Clomid the safe way to go with DS like SD, Havoc, Halodrol, etc. to be 100% honest i wouldnt run superdrol. ) Is this not suicide for the liver? I asked about these cycles on another forum (won't mention which) and was told that stacking. 5mgs per day / At 5mgs per day, they didn’t feel the suppression experienced was worth going through PCT. Brother you need to run test with any oral. Even this is fairly intense. SD is better for strength IMO but sides suck even at 20mg all I want to do is sleep serious lethargy . Could probably stay on 10mg this. It’s a dry compound. i have posted before asking about needing nolva for a superdrol cycle, obviously everyone decided it to be neccessary for a sdrol cycle. . stocked up on sdrol before it got crazy and everything got sold out. True muscle mass gains will take at least 4-6 weeks to notice anyway, and many people end up bailing out at this point in the cycle due to side effects anyway. Which I found to really keep sided to a minimum. No lie i just finished an Msten cycle from them. If you take sdrol and feel great and don't lose appetite then sure take it when growing and watch yourself mutate over a matter of weeks. I only had them go up to 5mg though, 10 seems pretty high but if your not seeing any virilization then that's good. . May adjust dosage to 10mg if i started feeling like shit. I am 5'11 200. It was hard to determine what was strength gains from superdrol and what was from just my first test e cycle. There is a HUGE DIFFERENCE between a 20 mg 3 week cycle of SD and a 3 month cycle of D-bol and Test-E. I have used both --- better gains on sdrol plenty of sides --- close to same gains on epi (3 lb less) with practically no sides. coincidentally, superdrol is also very good for strength, like halo or cheque drops. I was thinking of adding winny to the cycle for the hardness effect. Most people begin their Superdrol cycles by taking somewhere between 10-20 mg a day. He doesnt want to do alot of harm so is gonna dose low. I went into my sdrol cycle having an increased libido, and it got even higher the first week or 2. Each ester you have used and if your experience varied (if applicable) This week’s Compound/PED is: Anadrol (Oxymethalone aka. 13 Dec 2011 10:07 #85350 by Empire. I also have thought of using Sdrol for 2-3 weeks (as its legal where I live - you can literaly buy it at the supermarket), but I am reconsidering as a lot of reallyStupid fucking first cycle. . There's only so much real muscle tissue you can build in 4 weeks. The most popular bodybuilding message boards!Sdrol blows all of them right the fuck out the water. Even on superdrol. If I respond or have side effects at 40mg I’ll stay put. J. Superdrol at 10-15mg a day. Maybe ilk save the sd for a second cycle and did pmag bridged into sdrol . . If I take sdrol pwo with around 100 g carbs I look full and will have a great time in the gym. First thinked to run tren with it, but ill drop it, i like it, but my appetite surpress and mess alot with my head. So. You absolutely need a SERM's to be able to restart your body's natural test that has been dormnant that long and eliminate high estrogen levels. Good luck. I think 20mg Anavar are more soft on the liver vs 20mg Superdrol. either method will be a good way to try it out and deal with very low sides. 500mcg mtren preworkout in the morning had me looking full and vascular all day, like week 6 of an anavar run, and the mood boost, drive, and focus. Was planning on doing a 10-15 week 250mg Test E cut with 4 weeks of Sdrol 10(20)/20/20/20 somewhere in the mix, in about 3 months post cycle (after blood of course). Empire; Expert ; More. Price minimum value. And this was twice a day. I like it 30mg Ed for 4 weeks. ZerbrennenDannRennen New member. Hey guys so I’m pretty new into doing gear and I’ve started a cycle of clen and sdrol for a cut doing the 2 wk on and off of the clen and a 6 wk stint of sdrol, I was hoping to get help with PCT and also general advice , also if there is other gear you guys recommend for another cycle also the. i was hoping some of you might shed some more light. Bianchi. I am planning a Superdrol cycle, so I will use a test base of 200 mg a week. Stength - if you can tolerate sdrol, sdrol mg for mg. By the end of this Superdrol cycle I will post a after picture to compare. G. Reply. Now that I did, I can’t imagine ever using any of the pro-steroids again. Awards 0. Superdrol is a great starter prohormone, clomid ran during cycle will keep your test producing, taking steroids at 160 lbs is a great ideas 👍. nah tren/ment/injectable sdrol are objectively stronger and change your physique faster as long as you aren't a fat "powerlifter". converter-bot • 2 yr. Like, if dbol is 1, sdrol is 3 and mtren is like 50. Sdrol is foolish its a very advanced compound stronger Than anadrol 50 mg anadrol is 10 mg superdrol don't befoolish to try it this early and your first cycle needs to be of a single compound preferably Testosterone Enanthate or Testosterone Cypionate nothing fancy if you want to add orals then you can use 15 to 20 mg of dianabol as a Kickstart. Anyone tried this combination? Ryan Russo Said Tudca on cycle will affect bioavailability of an Oral PED. It’ll dry you out of the water you’re holding but if you gain 15 lbs on a superdrol cycle and 0 was fat I’d expect half of it to be glycogen and not actual muscle though. It depends bro, everyone reacts differently. Superdrol & Test Propionate - 30 Day Cycle. See moreSuperdrol can either be used on its own in a cycle, or as part of a stack combined with other anabolic steroids. I'd rather feel woderful so I'd do Dbol. matthew76 said: Holy fluckin' hell dude - I cannot believe the supplements that I purchased for $200, and from a Smoothie King!!!! All bottles are un-opened and will not expire until 2/09 - 5/09. I used 10mg the first 7 days then 20 the other 14 days. Im sure that you can get very good gains from what ive heard but afterward, even with nolva or clomid, can. Ha, interesting. I never understood why most people allow them to completely atrophy. You'll regret running it. maybe some product names so i can do some reserch. Adrol 50mg (1-4) MK677 20mg ED (1-4) Never tried it but I’ve heard good things. #36. Rad140 20mg per ml. ago. most rational for all the scenarios. I wanted it to start cycles with becuase of how quickly it takes effect. Test didn't really give me many problems. . well since you can pulse sdrol 3 times a week why not rotate another compound like epistane var or tbol? superdrol on heavy days something else on lighter/rest days. Superdrol is a drug that is toxic to your liver. (heftier pumps and obvious physique changes). . Most people start their Sdrol cycles by taking around 10-20 mg a day. Looking online at Test cycles I saw the idea thrown about at replacing Dbol as a kickstarter with Sdrol. 2nd mistake: My adex and superdrol were mislabled and I had taken 2mg adex ED for 4 days, instead of sdrol, felt spaced out, weak, flat, sweat a lot during workouts, etc. His cycle: Week. Click to expand. I'm on week 2 of a test/deca (500/300) 16-week cycle with a sdrol kickstart. otherwise, great cycle. . I'm slowly recomping and staying at around 245. other products will get your levels back up, but i dont think they protect against gyno like a serm. It's more of a recomp but it drops bodyfat like crazy. However, it is best to take Superdrol in a cycle which lasts no longer than four weeks because its half-life in. Then after I came off the SARMS I lost a bit of strength so. mcjooce • 7 yr. Sdrol gives you that roid look more, definitely. Both Sdrol and M1T are dry compounds and not much water is retained on them. anyways, you'll probably feel amazing the first 2-3. 10. You need to have an AI on hand in case of estrogen. Was also using sdrol as well for 4 weeks prior to the second draw. 12. So the Sdrol run would be weeks 12 to 15, 16, followed by 4 more weeks of 500 Test solo. SDrol vs ADrol. MAST A 400 mg/week pinning EOD. Superdrol Cycle. Messages. The idea would be to get the pump for a good workout as well as take advantage of the temporary increased protein synthesis for the large post workout meal and overnight recovery. Ie 10mg morning, 10mg afternoon, 10mg evening (because of halflife) - or take the full dose (ie 30mg) 1. Mostly did dosages from 20-40mg. Didn’t have the best diet and the tren led to me feeling like I could get away with cheatmeals all the. DSW, I haven't used sdrol but i've tried hdrol, which is also made by fast action. The TRT - 100mg week. 64 kg. If anything it made me lethargic and gave headaches. 5-2 hours pre workout for best gym function. great results from first cycle mk677 great during pct. i am now 2. Cycle Length should be kept Short. It is true that your body is in constant recovery days after training and it might be beneficial, however, the poison that is a powerful "oral" compound like Sdrol make me err on the side of caution, giving the liver and other parts of the body a. The look that Sdrol brings is much cleaner. Best SARM for muscle growth and size. #2 – Superdrol does not aromatize. anyone have experience with a similar stack ?? No, nothing is required really You will recover the same with 4-8 of sdrol alone as you would running a test base along side it. Cycle details: 20 weeks long 1g EQ 350mg tren 20mg sdrol 4 weeks on/6 off/repeatfor those reasons, its a shitty "anabolic" in my eyes and joins halo in their niche uses. (I'm a tall fella. other products will get your levels back up, but i dont think they protect against gyno like a serm. I haven't run SD in 5 years but I will be running it to Kickstart my bulking cycle. Superdrol is simply the Drostanolone hormone with an added methyl group at the 17 th carbon position that allows. Some experienced users find that they can manage using anywhere from 30-40 mg a day. Now superdrol is my favorite oral but. Somebody suggested to me that I front-load (500mg) during the first week and then 250mg each week thereafter. Location OR. cant really read your cycle cause its too many things. Day 4-7: very noticeable strength increase, way fuller muscles. Cycle #1- TESTOSTERONE ONLY. It is an Anabolic Androgenic Steroid (AAS) that is potent enough to deliver massive strength and lean muscle gains, provided you combine it with proper training and diet. I was thinking 10/20/20 (might push up to 20 before end of first week depending on how I feel) otherwise 10/20/20/20. Superdrol cycles advice What do the superdrol reviews say? Is superdrol for sale? What is Superdrol? Superdrol is known by a couple of names, primarily. Supplement Forum Supplement Logs Company Promos Supplement Deals Supplement Companies Nutrition Forum Weight Loss Forum Training Forum Pro Bodybuilding Forum Natural. Stats: 6'1, 215lbs, 10-12% bodyfat, young but 7 years bodybuilding experience, 1. Since then ive run 2 Sdrol cycles, extremely impressive results. Hey guys. I'm not a woman, but I've helped a handful of women through Sdrol cycles. Want EVEN MORE cycles with Superdrol? Beginners should dose Superdrol at 20mg per day. The other supplements I used on cycle were a multivitamin, fish oil, and AmVita's blood pressure support supplement. From what info I have gathered people say 60mg is the sweet spot. Anadrol is well tolerated by many in comparison to superdrol. 12-21-2006, 07:52 PM #11. Read people take it up to 30 but less is more often especially when ppl end up having to stop from lethargy, liver probs, appetite loss etc. I know lot people use high dosage of Anavar but a good contact enjoyed 20mg of Anavar daily (Pharma grade) 05-22-2020, 09:34 AM #9. 5mg ed. Most people said it takes 3-14 days for people to feel it “kick in”, I was. Anyone using sdrol after self isolation and dieting will probably blow up fast so if you get some it's probably a perfect time for you. 5-12 NPP. . or methasterone is the methyl version of masteron. Saw gains but they could have been natural. Lotta epi, sdrol, winstrol, msten his last being oral trest and epi. #1 – Superdrol will add a fair amount of size without the bloat. Even when I did Sdrol cycles with no test base I had no lethargy. Bodybuilders typically take anywhere from 10-20mg of Superdrol a day, lasting from 4-6 weeks. you probably wont die from drinking while on the cycle, or immediately after. Then tudca, nac, vitamin c, and a pocket full of rice krispies treats or haribo or something. Sdrol will make you look better for sure haha, idt the strength is nearly as good as halo tho. . I have run 2 Sdrol cycles. " Of those, I'd prob split them into 3 groups: DHB (with above), adrol+sdrol, var+winny. Which you will eventually lose also after your pct is over. This for me was all at only 10 mg a day so I can't even imagine people going higher. The picture in my avatar is me completely supplement free for a month; no creatine, no protein powders, nothing. Many on here would recommend the same and have had great success with that dosage. From what info I have gathered people say 60mg is the sweet spot. Test and Sdrol cycle with Dbol PWO? Started by QuadDominant; Dec 4, 2022; Replies: 7; Anabolics. The only reason i really even decided to use sdrol is because i was/am a huge george leeman fan and his deadlift went from 690(or so) to 865 from a single cycle of mdrol (sdrol clone). Replied by Empire on topic Superdrol with Winstrol. The drug gives many positive effects for the user, but all these effects are temporary, because of its. However, Dianabol wins when it comes to androgenic power. October 5, 2008, 10:19 PM. So years ago when i read his logs on bb. 165 lean muscle, did one cycle of anavar (40mg a day) & testosterone Cypionate (1cc a week) for about 5 weeks and noticed a decrease. get bloods to see where you are mid cycle bro. 10-15mg is indeed a low dose. Me personally I'm in love with dbol. Tren E 200 E3D 1 - Ongoing. how are. Day 2-3: noticable increase in strength and slightly fuller muscles. So many peoplenthink more is better when it's. ago. I have been 'preloading' milk thistle and also have liversentials, red yeast rice, something for blood pressure and then the regular vits for on cycle. So I'm running test e right now and just ordered some bottles of superdrol. o. So the cycle gonna look like this: Superdrol 1-4 20mg/day. Superdrol is an anabolic androgenic steroid comprised of the active steroidal hormone Methyldrostanolone. User dependent. I was thinking to kickstart a cycle with 20mg/ed for at least 2 weeks, maybe 3-4 weeks if i can tolerate the sides. Cycle- 250mg test e wk for 16wks 10mg/20mg superdrol for 3wks (kickstart) . Sdrol and anadrol shouldn't be stacked at like 100mg anadrol and 30mg sdrol but more like 50mg anadrol 10mg sdrol. The recommended use for this product is about 20mg to 40mg per day, depending on goals. It's definately not a "safe" cycle and you will need proper liver support - I used to grin at the single sdrol tablet in one hand, and essential, milk thistle, Dischem gold liver support, vitamin C in the other. Some experienced users find that they can manage using anywhere from 30-40 mg a day. Don’t need them. Hdrol was good. And it ALL sticks. . Thanks. mcjooce • 7 yr. Ok im obviously late to the sdrol party. Dec 28, 2011. Read mixed reviews on this topic, I for one want to at least try out sdrol before I miss the boat. I'd rather feel woderful so I'd do Dbol. Also ran aBobmbs - can't say I liked that too much. I last 2 weeks before the lethargy kicks in. S-drol obliterates your lipids as well. I’m on my second day of 10mg today and the back pumps are definitely present. The last girl I helped was preping for a show and leaned out by a couple percent and gained about 5lbs in a 4 week period. Cel pct assist 4 weeks. pee is just as yellow as i first started, im not sure about hairloss because i was taking accutane so it was shedding by itself but not noticeable. Disclaimer: I love dbol and did nearly the same beginner cycleIn terms of what you’re asking I’m pretty sure tren is the only steroid that can actually recomp. I began by preloading cycle support one serving per day for 5 days. First week was 10mg/day, not feeling anything from it. I’m not saying don’t use it. Some of these are common second compounds for later cycles. Start with a low dose and work your way up if you can handle the sides. with last cycles I ran 1 mg adex/week. Forums. You can go higher than that but you risk tinkering with IGF-1. Honestly I don't see the point of any stack since superdrol is the strongest and maybe the most toxic but its barely androgenic and you don't have the estrogen from dbol which means superdrol solo would make you avoid. Some people only run a 3-week cycle because they don't see many Superdrol gains after this point anyways. HGH 5iu/day 5on/2off. You need to have an AI on hand in case of estrogen. Joined Sep 30. Do y’all feel like same way or more of just strength/motivation oral. From your second cycle onward, increase the dosage to 30-40mg per day. that is good info!! Greetings! Plotting a cycle for super Strength and would love some assistance. Also take DHB for example at day 100mg/ml some people can brew it with no PIP and there’s others that crash at room temp and need to be heated each time. I've used dbol a few times and the gains are always huge but of course they deflate quite a bit during pct and don't seem very lean. The sdrol I am taking becuase I have read that it works faster than anything else. I have been of the impression that Superdrol has Masteron like affects and am curious if that sort of dried out lean muscle builder and potentially muscle saving ability can be utilized during a cut. I'm curious about doing my normal high mg. 500mg Tudca a day. Would be with test, eq, gw, mk677. People also choose a 6-week cycle at 10 to 20 mg a day. 258. I started at 40mg's/day split into 3 doses of 20/10/10. 5. Take all the supps you want but adding in long term sdrol cycles will do more damage than any dose of kidney supps can fix. Ironically I've upped everything, carbs, protein, cals and training accordingly especially since I've heard sdrol utilizes carbs well. went from 190 to 236lbs during that bulk (which in total went from January to April of this year, ran it with test and eq at like 600-700. I would appreciate any input. Subbed for anyone throwing some sdrol experiences out there . Nov 15, 2018. Going light. Have never ran sdrol before but was curious about stacking it with the test, whether. your lipids could be wrecked from the sdrol - so. Overall I would run it over var if given a choice between the two, regardless of situation. Bodybuilders typically take anywhere from 10-20mg of Superdrol a day, lasting from 4-6 weeks. View Profile View Forum Posts Registered User Join Date: Jun 2008 Age: 40 Posts: 513 Rep. I gained about 15-20lbs, running it with test/tren. I'm with Redwolf on this D-bol is like an anti depressant combined with a steroid. They both retain a lot of water, but felt less bloaty and water on superdrol and muscles just felt more full if that makes sense. 5mg of Superdrol before workout and 5mg after. 2. 1-Multiple new compounds mean you won’t know what’s doing what, what is causing sides, & what you do & don’t respond well to. Sdrol at 15mg is a good idea. g I ran the AMS Mass stack,i got excellent gains from it but using their Arom-x for PCT was crap,i lost nearly all my gains. This thread is. PCT. The only reason i really even decided to use sdrol is because i was/am a huge george leeman fan and his deadlift went from 690(or so) to 865 from a single cycle of mdrol (sdrol clone). I am hungry VERY often, even after eating 160 g of carbs in a sitting I. View Profile View Forum. 12 weeks on so far. Sdrol is a very harsh compound though you need diet and training on point in order to get the best out of it and possibly not losing too much gains after your cycle. 30 mgs of MENT ACE twice a day. I ran this dosage for 10 days. 3 hours of intense workout feel. I'm with Redwolf on this D-bol is like an anti depressant combined with a steroid. Considerable size and mass gains. increasing from day to day. You'll need clomid nolvadex and hcg to recover. ago. Most can't so anadrol wins there but needs more to achieve the same Reply. 540. Details of the cycle you included the compound in Whether you liked the compound or not and whether you’d use it again. 20mg turned out to be too much for me and I stopped early. I have been of the impression that Superdrol has Masteron like affects and am curious if that sort of dried out lean muscle builder and potentially muscle saving ability can be utilized during a cut. Will be running for 12 weeks 60 mg transdermal Trest Ace, Ultra Hard transdermal (this is 375 mg Epiandro, 125 mg androsterone), LGD 4033 at 22 mg a day, and Rad 140 20 mg a day. " Of those, I'd prob split them into 3 groups: DHB (with above), adrol+sdrol, var+winny. Start off with h-drol only or epi only. 10mg/day for a 3 weeks. 6. Home. I've used halo and a bunch of other orals but this shit is on another level. Details of the cycle you included the compound in Whether you liked the compound or not and whether you’d use it again. For best results cycle with testosterone such as Sustanon or Cypionate, at a dosage of 400mg per week for the first two weeks and then move to 500mg per week for the last four weeks. what part of the cycle was the oral introduced at? how long have hou been on. Add to cart. Hey if winny sounds good to u run it im just offering the advice i heard, not trying to. Very harsh, I personally would never run more than 20mg ed for 4 weeks. You probably don’t need the oral, the test is probably enough. I personaly did not experience any dick issues. Alright lads, it's been about a year and half since my Test-e/anadrol cycle. Superdrol experiences so far. If you have never used Superdol before, take daily dosage of 20mg over a 6-week cycle. ~Theonslaught, 2012. Did a Test E and tbol cycle and gained 34lbs and only just put my liver values above range with 500mg tudca and was able to use for 6 weeks with zero sides, will use again for sure great for first time using orals. Either way lifts went up about 50lbs while bulking on superdrol. So far the pumps have already started with a 15 mg morning dose of sdrol and im excited for the days and weeks too come. Tore. People specifically note the lack of lethargy and loss of appetite seen when taken orally doesn't occur when injected. Sdrol you gain 3/4 of the size but more quality gain imo and you can easily run 4weeks without being too tired etc,so if you can only tolerate a 2 week m1t you’ll gain LESS than 4week sdrol cycle,goodluck with running it but it’s very toxic too hope you have tudca on hand tooloved superdrol. A better oral would be Adrol in my opinion. I'll only be doing 200 - 300 test anyway and only around 25mg anavar. Started by Xapt3r2ooX; Jul 9, 2023; Replies: 86; Anabolics. Masteron would be the better choice IMHO, but sdrol is a great designer steroid with a 400/20-40 a/a ratio. Mostly did dosages from 20-40mg. 10mg of good sdrol will give you better results than 50mg of most other orals. Week 1: 150mg of test pinned on Monday and Thursday. GameStop Moderna Pfizer Johnson & Johnson AstraZeneca Walgreens Best Buy Novavax SpaceX Tesla. deca and dbol are a classic bulking stack, like Z said wait for the deca, (z told me 4-6weeks) to start working. 16 week. But, my test was bunk so was running an oral only cycle without knowing it. This was my first time using sdrol. Jbryan is right with the 10ng per day for 6 weeks. I'm pretty much done with this sub with guys like this. Also what is the recommended. 1 over: I'm not a woman, but I've helped a handful of women through Sdrol cycles. Much milder. What you’ll need are 2/ 10 ml bottles of Testosterone Enanthate or Cypionate. Tren Ace (10-16) Anavar (12-16) - This depends upon bloodwork. So I'm decided on a 3 weeker of AX orig sdrol for now, still have 3 bottles sitting around from before the ban so figured I mind as well start. Some advanced bodybuilders go as high as 30 or 40mg, but this is really playing Russian roulette with your health. Amount per Capsule: 2a,17a-dimethyl-4-androstadiene-3-one,17b - 10mg Essential: High Strength 1000mg TUDCA cycle support Essential: Pro PCT post cycle therapy Other ingredients: Magnesium Stearate, HMPC Veg Cap Half-life: 8. Superdrol can either be used on its own in a cycle, or as part of a stack combined with other anabolic steroids. So my suggestion would be to run Superdrol for two weeks, dosing 10mg ED for the first three days to make sure you have any sudden adverse reactions, then bump the dose to 20mg ED for the duration of the cycle. Yes use the sdrol to kick start the cycle. e. His only bloodwork, he did with me about this time last year, about 9 weeks after a 30mg/day wk sdrol cycle had him with test levels in the high 400's, his liver enzymes were a little elevated and his cholesterol a. 15 votes, 889 comments. Like I read a thread about whether to use Viagra or Cialis after using Sdrol. After getting my prolactin issues under control and my dick returning to normal, I still wanted to get some bloodwork done ASAP. That might be because its toxic af. I've read that sdrol is more of. Reaction score. So I'm running test e right now and just ordered some bottles of superdrol. I’ve never used epistane so I’m unsure how well it’ll work for me. just bothers me sometimes when people with wise comments like anadrol. Side effects you experienced, physically or mentally (good or bad) Details of the cycle you included the drug in. Been there done that. I would stay with short hard runs of sdrol. Little sides is more of a personal thing, most people that go on sdrol will get lazy and depressed on the last days and eventually come off. . Still taking at consistent time on offdays. I love my sdrol, the gains made on it are incredible and IMHO worth the side effects. 5. IMO, I would run sdrol for 3 weeks at 10/20/20. I've done two cycles of sdrol about 2 years ago. If that's legit purerawz your good to go brotha. There's a fair amount of crossover.